Physics - 2327 Words

Experiment Picket Fence Free Fall 5 We say an object is in free fall when the only force acting on it is the earth’s gravitational force. No other forces can be acting; in particular, air resistance must be either absent or so small as to be ignored. When the object in free fall is near the surface of the earth, the gravitational force on it is nearly constant. As a result, an object in free fall accelerates downward at a constant rate. This acceleration is usually represented with the symbol g. Physics students measure the acceleration due to gravity using a wide variety of timing methods. In this experiment, you will have the advantage of using a very precise timer connected to the calculator and a Photogate. The†¦show more content†¦If the acceleration of your Picket Fence appears constant, fit a straight line to your data. a. b. c. d. e. 5-2 Press ENTER , and select RETURN TO MAIN SCREEN from the SELECT GRAPH screen. Select ANALYZE from the main screen. Select CURVE FIT from the ANALYZE screen. Select LINEAR (VELOCITY VS TIME) from the SELECT CURVE FIT screen. Record the slope of the fitted line in the Data Table. Modified from and reported with permission of the publisher Copyright (2000), Vernier Software Technology Physics with Calculators Picket Fence Free Fall f. Press ENTER to see the fitted line with your data. g. To return to the main screen, press ENTER , and then select RETURN TO ANALYZE SCREEN, finally selecting RETURN TO MAIN SCREEN. 9. To establish the reliability of your slope measurement, repeat Steps 6 through 9 five more times. Do not use drops in which the Picket Fence hits or misses the Photogate. Record the slope values in the Data Table. DATA TABLE Trial 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 Slope (m/s ) Minimum Maximum Average 2 Acceleration (m/s ) Acceleration due to gravity, g Precision  ± m/s2 % ANALYSIS 1. From your six trials, determine the minimum, maximum, and average values for the acceleration of the Picket Fence. Record them in the Data Table. 2. Describe in words the shape of the distance vs. time graph for the freeShow MoreRelatedPhysics And Physics Of Molecular Levels1109 Words   |  5 Pagesconsider interaction within a molecule, which had three bodies at least, in terms of quantum and relativistic laws. Facing the fascinating, but, daunting goal, I would have to take step by step to find a practical path. Even I had taken theoretical physics courses and was familiar with special relativity, I did not know much about micro-scale theoretical work. â€Å"Define a problem is the first step for any project. If you are able to define the problem precisely, you are a half way to solve it,† professorRead More Physics in Sports Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesPhysics in Sports nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When many people think of sports, the topic of physics doesnt always come to mind. They usually dont think about connecting athletics with academics. 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Economic Prosperity During The Soviet Union - 1670 Words

Economic prosperity was seen between the years of 1965 and 1985, however the division between Eastern and Western Europe still remained. Also, the disparities in prosperity remained as well. One of the countries that seen major political developments was the Soviet Union. The years of change seemed rather unlikely between 1964 and 1982 as Leonid Brezhnev became the man in charge. As his slogan was â€Å"no experimentation† he became the head of the state and the communist party in 1964. Even though he was optimistic and calm, the Brezhnev Doctrine, which stated that the Soviet Union had the right to intervene if socialism was a threatened in another state, led to Soviet Union troops being deployed in Czechoslovakia in 1968. The dà ©tente allowed†¦show more content†¦Another problem for the Soviet’s was that a series of droughts, heavy rains, and early frosts forced the Soviet’s to buy grains from the West, particularly the United States. Nonetheless, by the 1970s, a ruling system that depended on patronage as a major avenue of advancement was created by the Soviet’s. Ten years later the system did not work as a declining economy led to an increase in mortality rates, a surge in alcoholism, and a deterioration in working conditions. Within the Communist Party there was a group of individuals who understood the real condition of the Soviet Union. Yuri Andropov was a member of this group who understood the condition of the Soviet Union, however with his deteriorating health, party leaders chose Gorbachev as the Party Secretary in 1985. His appointing of Gorbachev, allowed for a new era to begin. Another country that seen major political developments was the Eastern Europe. The attempt for the Poles and the Hungarians to gain freedom from Soviet domination in 1956 only seen problems. As Moscow could maintain control over its satellites in Eastern Europe by granting them leeway to adopt domestic policies appropriate to these conditions, the Soviet leaders began to recognize this fact. To make socialism more acceptable to their subject populations, as a result Eastern European Communist leaders adopted reform programs. Continued

Preferences for Boys and Girls in South Korea, China, India and Nepal Free Essays

string(82) " the killing of female newborn babies as the final solution to the dowry problem\." Preferences for boys and girls in South Korea, China, India and Nepal The studies of gender bias in several developing countries in Asia have received wide attention over the past two decades. Demographers have noted worrying trends in sex ratio at birth in some of the most populous countries in Asia; South Korea, China, India and Nepal are the most markedly countries. One of the measures of agreement that has been recognized in this phenomenon among these four countries is the traditionally-and-culturally-rooted of son preference. We will write a custom essay sample on Preferences for Boys and Girls in South Korea, China, India and Nepal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Son preference has several features that illustrate the inclination of the male sex in contrast to the female sex resulting numerous differences in preferences of boys and girls in the societies of these four countries. The features of son preference are based on socio-cultural, socio-economic and institutional factors in South Korea, China, India and Nepal, and consequently, have formed an imbalance in the countries’ sex ratios mainly due to female infants mortality. South Korea was one of the first countries to represent the trend of son preference. This is mainly due to Confucian influence that is acutely embedded in the populace, whereby the eldest son of the most recent male ancestor must lead family rituals. The family â€Å"dies† if there were no sons being born (Westley Choe 2007). Since pre-industrial South Korea, a person’s access to power, social status and economic opportunities depended heavily on their gender, lineage and their position within that lineage. Chung Gupta (2007) described that a number of the lineages in South Korea had formed into larger super ordinates lineage or in other words can be referred to as â€Å"clan†, where some joint properties are held and utilized to support ancestor worship rituals and to help lineage members in need. Therefore, it was a primary duty to bear sons to ensure the continuity of a family’s lineage. On another note, son preference played a role in terms of a socio-economic view when the South Korean governments had subsequently reinforced the Confucian traditions in a series of authoritarian policies in order to maintain social and political stability. For example, the Family Law stipulated that family headship must be held by men in the line of the eldest son, inheritance should be through male line, women should be transferred to their husband’s family register upon marriage and children are belonged to the father’s lineage even in the case of divorce (Chung Gupta 2007). {draw:frame} _Figure 1. 0: Trends in sex ratio at birth and total fertility rate, South Korea, 1980-2003 (Westley Choe 2007). _ In addition, ultrasound equipment was first mass-produced in the country in the mid-1980s. Therefore, the introduction in technologies to determine the sex of unborn fetuses combined with the widespread of abortion availability made it possible for couples that wanted a son to selectively abort female fetuses. In 1990, as seen in Figure 1. 0, the sex ratio indicated that nearly two boys were born at this birth order for every girl (Westley Choe 2007) resulting in an increase of sex ratio at its highest peak in South Korea. Similarly as South Korea, son preference became visible in China since it is another Confucian-practiced country. The people held beliefs that a person’s empowerment relies on their lineage and the lineage is solely traced through the male. Therefore, failure to produce a son is considered tantamount to extinction of the family line (Almond et. al 2005). Furthermore, the influence of son preference has been historically and traditionally strong in the country where it can be reflected in this ancient Chinese song quoted; â€Å"When a son is born, Let him sleep on the bed, Clothe him with fine clothes, And give him jade to play†¦ When a daughter is born, Let her sleep on the ground, Wrap her in common wrappings, And give broken tiles to play†¦ â€Å"- Book of Songs (1000-700 B. C. ) (Baculinao 2004). {draw:frame} _Figure 2. 0: Sex ratio of population age 0-4 in China, 1953-2005 (Shuzhuo Li 2007)_ In rural areas of China and among the less educated societies, sons are basically preferred because they are needed to carry out farm work, offer financial support to aging parents, continue the family name and receive family inheritance, and also responsible for ancestor worships. Apart from that, as seen in Figure 3. 0, there has been a sharp rise in sex ratio of children age 0-4 since 1982. This is due to China’s government imposing the â€Å"one-child policy† as one of the forces to fast-track economic modernization. The policy’s main condition is that a family, reliant to their will, is allowed to have one child only. Subsequently, a son is more favoured among the societies due to putting Confucian values into practice (Muller n. d). The government had later on enforced the policy strictly over time where by the regulations included mandatory IUD insertion for all women who had one child and abortion for a woman who had an unauthorized pregnancy. Consequently, out of desperation for a boy, some parents may have killed newborn daughters or undergo an abortion (Graham et. al 1998) and thus, mothers suffer tremendous psychological pressure and health risks while undergoing sex-selected abortions, which affect both their physical and reproductive health (Shuzhuo Li 2007). {draw:frame} Figure 3. 0: Sex ratio of the child and overall population, India, 1951-2001 (Guilmoto 2007)_ In India, son preference is influenced by the strong religious Hindu belief in the country to a certain extent where by a family needs a son to perform last rites in order for salvation to be achieved. In other words, sons are considered as breadwinners as they will look after their parents and continue the family name. In addition, Almond et. al (2005) stated that only sons could light a man’s funeral pyre and perform the traditional ancestor cult. Moreover, some Indian societies practice a tradition whereby daughters have to be married off with a substation dowry and hence, daughters are more often considered as a financial burden resulting the killing of female newborn babies as the final solution to the dowry problem. You read "Preferences for Boys and Girls in South Korea, China, India and Nepal" in category "Papers" What is more, it is enlarged and even becoming more accepted, particularly in the poorer areas of India (Almond et. al 2005). Since daughters will be married into another family, therefore only sons can guarantee for the care of the parents in old age, which then resulted a far more widespread practice of discrimination against daughters. Hence, in its most extreme manifestation, the influence of son preference in India can affect on how many girls survive into adulthood and even how girls are born (Westley Choe 2007). As summarize in Figure 3. 0, from earlier years mortality conditions of female infants had increased from killing of the female infants and sex-discrimination regime started to experience a deep change during the 1970s, since pre-natal sex-determination tests became widely available and often led to selective abortion to female fetus (CHREHPA 2007). draw:frame} Figure 4. 0: Trends in sex ratio at birth under 1 year old in Nepal, 1952/54 – 2001 (CHREHPA 2007). Nepal has been classified as having considerable levels of son preference since the World Fertility Surveys first documented the phenomenon in the 1980s. As seen in Figure 4. 0, there was an inclining trend in sex ratio at birth in 1970s to 1980s. Son preference in Nepal is a little different compared to the other countries concerning the d iscrimination against daughters are at a distinctive level. Daughters are very much loved in the family, as they are valued for their responsibility in religious festivals as well as for their emotional and household contribution to the family. Hindus in Nepal assign great value to marrying a virgin daughter. Girls marry early and universally in Nepal because of the religious merit bestowed on those who give them in marriage (Karki 1988). Nevertheless, having sons are very highly prized among the Nepalese societies compared to daughters (Leone et. al 2003). Sons are preferred due for old age security, and lineage where by the Hindu code of conduct in Nepal reinforced the transfer of family name through male offspring. Other than that, sons are more desired for their roles in religious rituals, agricultural labor and companionship. However, many Nepalese couples are willing to surpass their ideal family sized to satisfy their desire for sons (Hollander 1997). As a consequence, the son preference has affected the contraceptive behavior in Nepal to the extent that Nepalese rarely begin contraception until the desired numbers of sons are born. However, they began to articulate their realization that large families are contributing to shortage of cultivable land and to the deteriorating fuel wood and water supplies in the hills of Nepal (Karki 1988). Hence, methods of pre-natal sex determination came to view during the 1970s, and according to research from CHREHPA (2007), 10 out of 25 women that had been told the fetus was a girl resorted to sex-selective abortions an increase in Nepal’s maternal mortality rates and sex-ratio imbalance as seen in Figure 4. . As a whole, it can be seen that the rationale behind son preference in South Korea, China, India and Nepal are based on these six features; discriminatory inheritance laws, economic value of sons, continuity of family line, family security and strength, socio-cultural norms and customs and dowry system (Gupta et. al 1998). Enhancement of new medical technologies and sex-selective abortions had somehow supported the idea of son preference in these four countries a nd seem to be a method of having the desired son. Next, it is then perceptibly has created several impacts in socioeconomic and demographic manifestation where by it resulted in higher fertility transition, promotes inequality in social and human development, associated with excess female deaths and poor health of women, lowers quality of life for women, wastes a valuable human resource and perpetuates cycle of poverty and increases income inequality in these four countries (Gupta et. al 1998). Fortunately, the imbalance in sex ratio has spurred some official efforts to shift public opinion in these four countries. Approaches have been made to reduce the sex-ratio imbalances in these countries by making daughters more wanted. Governments and non-governmental organizations work through advocacy, sensitization and awareness-raising programs. In South Korea, after a series of extensive campaigns and programs, sex ratios were once greatly imbalanced, are now returning to normal after women gained status in society through employment opportunities, increased education, and parents with enough money to be financially secure without dependence on their sons (Guilmoto n. . ). South Korea now is the first Asian country to reverse back the trend of rising ratio of sex at birth. China on the other hand, participated by the country’s ambitious â€Å"Care For Girls† program. The program encompasses many dimensions of the sex-ratio predicament. It offers cash and other incentives to families with daughters, scholarships for girls, better housing or loans for targeted families and others. It als o includes several awareness-raising campaigns, as well as repressive measures against illegal abortions and infanticide. In India, a program called Tamil Nadu is created in 2004 that gave monetary rewards to couples that had one or two girls and agreed to be sterilized. The state also created a Cradle babies in which empty cradles were placed in government centers across the states for couples to abandon unwanted female child without killing them. Furthermore, in 2007, the New Delhi municipal government sponsored a program that provide every girl born in a government hospital with a gift deposit of 5000 rupees that accumulated interest and could be cashed once the girls reached the age of 18 (Lederer 2008). Nepal has banned sex-selective abortions in 2002 when it liberalized its own law on abortions. These laws were then strengthened later on in various ways, in order to make them more effective (Guilmoto n. d. ). Although the strategies for reducing son preference and getting back female’s rights are many, these are all rather considered as a short-run implication despite the positive and optimistic outcomes. According to an American demographer who has been closely following China’s population program stated that, â€Å"The country may be coming o grips with problem as they country is still in dilemma – emotional and policy dilemma – because the solution to the problem will conflict with other parts of their population strategy to reduce birth rate or some of the measures could perhaps make the problem even worse. The country still has a lot of work to do. There’s no road map yet on how to achieve the goal of normal sex ratio† (Baculinao 2004) . Therefore, the future trends of the son preference are impossible to predict in the long run. Patriarchal systems are still underneath the attitudes among the societies in these countries. Regardless of how many levels of development in lasting efforts to address sex-selective abortion and female infanticide, it will fully require fundamental changes in cultural norms that promote son preference. References Almond, D, Edlund, L Milligan K (2005) ‘Son preference and the persistence of culture’. Downloaded from http://www. nber. org/papers/w15391 as at 25 November 2009. Baculinao, E (2004) ‘China grapples with legacy of its ‘missing girls’, MSNBC. Downloaded from http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/5953508 as at 20 November 2009. Chan, A Yeoh, B. S. A (2002) ‘Gender, Family and Fertility in Asia: An Introdyuction’. Downloaded from http://www. unescap. org/esid/psis/population/journal/Articles/2002/V17N2A1. pdf . As at 25 November 2009. CHREHPA (2007) ‘ Sex Selection: Pervasiveness and Preparedness in Nepal’. Dowloaded from http://www. unfpa. org/gender/docs/studies/nepal. pdf as at 20 November 2009. Chung, W Gupta, M. D. (2007)’Why is Son Preference Declining in South Korea? : The Role of Development and Public Policy and the Implications for China and India’, Policy Researh Working Paper, No. 373, The World Bank. Eberstadt, N (2004) ‘Power and Population in Asia: Demographics and the strategic balance’. Downloaded from http://www. aei. org/docLib/20040211_PowerandPopulationinAsia. pdf as at 25 November 2009. Edlund, L Lee, C (2009) ‘Son pereference, sex selection and economic development: Theory and evidence from South Korea’. Downloaded from http://www. eco n. columbia. edu/RePEc/pdf/DP0910-04. pdf as at 25 November 2009. Graham, M. J, Larsen, U (1998) ‘Son Preference in Anhui Province, China’, International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 2. How to cite Preferences for Boys and Girls in South Korea, China, India and Nepal, Papers

Reality Perception Essays - Subjective Experience, Perception

Reality Perception What is real? Our perception of reality is often in the hands of the community we live in. We formulate ideas of reality using experience of our own as well as those of others around us. Our lives are constantly being influenced by our surroundings. The idea that our perception of reality is determined by the consensus of our community can be seen throughout history, movies and literature, as well as our personal lives. During the Holocaust, in the movie Stigmata, and in my personal experience in boarding school, my perception as well as the cognition of others were shaped by the community associated with the situation. Throughout history many events have occurred involving false perceptions of reality. The holocaust is a great example of the community molding the perception of the individuals within the society. Adolph Hitler, for example, used the media to degrade darker skinned races. The media convinced people that the darker skinned race hurts their community and economy, and genocide was a necessary action. The people of that time based their perception of reality on what they heard from the media, and from leaders of their country. A movie that I have recently seen changed my perception of reality in a religious aspect. The movie is titled Stigmata, and the message that the movie portrays involves criticizing the Catholic Church. This film implies that the Church is not necessary to worship God because God is everywhere and in all aspects of life. According to the movie the Church is aware of this, however, and they refuse to tell the people because they will loose power if the members of the Catholic community become aware that they have false perceptions. Within the movie, in a religious aspect, the perception of reality of the Catholic society is completely shaped by the Catholic Church. Believers of Catholicism will modify their own perception of religion depending on the messages that the Church portrays to them. The church has great power over the beliefs of its religious followers. On more of a personal level, after watching this movie, my views regarding the purpose of the Church were slightly altered. I questioned and thoroughly thought of the Church and the reason for attending Mass on Sundays. I finally concluded that it is just a place where one can focus on religious thoughts without distractions from the outside world. Another situation where my community molded my perception of reality took place during my second year of high school. For my sophomore, junior, and senior years of high school I attended an international boarding school in Switzerland. Although it was an American school, the student body was composed of many different nationalities. These nationalities included student's form Turkey, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Spain, Venezuela, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, and many other countries. Prior to my sophomore year I had never before been so interactive with such a large diversity of people. The students in that school shaped my perception of how people of different countries were. For example, I assumed that the whole Turkish community acted like the Turkish people that attended our school. I somewhat stereotyped them on the basis of my experiences with them. The majority of the student body was very wealthy, being a very expensive school, and my initial feelings toward the Turkish students were that they acted conceded and arrogant. I then assumed all Turkish people acted similarly to the ones of our school. However, after visiting Turkey and having a Turkish roommate, I realized that my perception of reality was contrary to the truth. The students of other nationalities that I lived with similarly shaped my perception of reality. Stereotyping was a common practice at our school. Many of the students from countries other than the United States thought of all Americans as "drugies". This perception was based on the actions of most of the American students. False perceptions such as these were customary throughout my high school life. The idea that the perception of individuals is shaped by the community they are associated with is accurate in most cases. Throughout my experience's I realized that being influenced by your surroundings is virtually unavoidable. To answer the question posed in the introduction, reality is what one determines it is by exploring and coming to a conclusion on their own. By staying as open minded as possible, one can determine reality on the basis of their own experiences, and not the ones of others.

Perfect Custom Essays

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Astronaut Neil Armstrong Biography

Astronaut Neil Armstrong Biography On July 20, 1969, one of the most momentous actions of all time took place not on Earth but on another world. Astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped out of the lunar lander Eagle, descended a ladder, and set foot on the surface of the Moon. Then, he spoke the most famous words of the 20th Century: Its one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. His action  was the culmination of years of research and development, success and failure, all sustained by both the U.S. and then-Soviet Union in the race to the Moon. Fast Facts: Neil Alden Armstrong Birth: August 5, 1930Death: August 25, 2012Parents: Stephen Koenig Armstrong and Viola Louise EngleSpouse: Married twice, once to Janet Armstrong, then to Carol Held Knight, 1994Children: Karen Armstrong, Eric Armstrong, Mark ArmstrongEducation: Purdue University, Masters Degree from USC.Main Accomplishments: Navy test pilot, NASA astronaut for Gemini missions and Apollo 11, which he commanded. The first person to set foot on the Moon. Early Life Neil Armstrong was born August 5, 1930, on a farm in Wapakoneta, Ohio. His parents, Stephen K. Armstrong and Viola Engel, raised him in a series of towns in Ohio while his father worked as a state auditor. As a youth, Neil held many jobs, but none more exciting than one at the local airport. After starting flying lessons at the age of 15, he got his pilots license on his 16th birthday, before he had even earned a drivers license. After his high school years at Blume High School in Wapakonetica, Armstrong decided to pursue a degree in aeronautical engineering from Purdue University before committing to serving in the Navy.   In 1949, Armstrong was called to Pensacola Naval Air Station before he could complete his degree. There he earned his wings at the age of 20, the youngest pilot in his squadron. He flew 78 combat mission in Korea, earning three medals, including the Korean Service Medal. Armstrong was sent home before the conclusion of the war and finished his bachelors degree in 1955. Testing New Boundaries After college, Armstrong decided to try his hand as a test pilot. He applied to  National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) - the agency that preceded NASA - as a test pilot, but was turned down. So, he took a post at Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory in Cleveland, Ohio. However, it was less than a year before Armstrong transferred to Edwards Air Force Base (AFB) in California to work at NACAs High Speed Flight Station. During his tenure at Edwards Armstrong conducted test flights of more than 50 types of experimental aircraft, logging 2,450 hours of flight time. Among his accomplishments in these aircraft, Armstrong was able to achieve speeds of Mach 5.74 (4,000 mph or 6,615 km/h) and an altitude of 63,198 meters (207,500 feet), but in the X-15 aircraft. Armstrong had a technical efficiency in his flying that was the envy of most of his colleagues. However, he was criticized by some of the non-engineering pilots, including Chuck Yeager and Pete Knight, who observed that his technique was too mechanical. They argued that flying was, at least in part, feel, that it was something that didnt come naturally to the engineers. This sometimes got them into trouble. Neil Armstrong was a test pilot before coming to NASA. This shows him at the Dryden Research center in 1960 after he became a NASA research test pilot. He flew missions in the first X-15 rocket plane. NASA   While Armstrong was a comparatively successful test pilot, he was involved in several aerial incidents that didnt work out so well. One of the most famous occurred when he was sent in an F-104 to investigate Delamar Lake as a potential emergency landing site. After an unsuccessful landing damaged the radio and hydraulic system, Armstrong headed toward Nellis Air Force Base. When he tried to land, the tail hook of the plane lowered due to the damaged hydraulic system and caught the arresting wire on the airfield. The plane slid out of control down the runway, dragging the anchor chain along with it. The problems didnt end there. Pilot Milt Thompson was dispatched in an F-104B to retrieve Armstrong. However, Milt had never flown that aircraft and ended up blowing one of the tires during a hard landing. The runway was then closed for the second time that day to clear the landing path of debris. A third aircraft was sent to Nellis, piloted by Bill Dana. But Bill almost landed his T-33 Shooting Star long, prompting Nellis to send the pilots back to Edwards using ground transportation. Crossing Into Space In 1957, Armstrong was selected for the Man In Space Soonest (MISS) program. Then in September 1963, he was selected as the first American civilian to fly in space.   Three years later, Armstrong was the command pilot for the Gemini 8 mission, which launched March 16. Armstrong and his crew performed the first-ever docking with another spacecraft, an unmanned Agena target vehicle. After 6.5 hours in orbit they were able to dock with the craft, but due to complications, they were unable to complete what would have been the third-ever extra-vehicular activity, now referred to as a spacewalk. Armstrong also served as the CAPCOM, who is typically the only person who to communicate directly with the astronauts during missions to space. He did this for the Gemini 11 mission. However, it was not until the Apollo program began that Armstrong again ventured into space. The Apollo Program Armstrong  was  commander of the backup crew of the Apollo 8 mission, though he had been originally scheduled to back-up the Apollo 9 mission. (Had he remained as the  backup commander, he would have been slated to command Apollo 12, not  Apollo 11.) Initially, Buzz Aldrin, the  Lunar Module Pilot, was to be the first to  set foot on the Moon. However, because of the positions of the astronauts in the module, it would require Aldrin to physically crawl over Armstrong to reach the hatch. As such, it was decided that it would be easier for Armstrong to exit the module first upon landing. Apollo 11 touched down on the surface of the Moon on July 20, 1969, at which point Armstrong declared, Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed. Apparently, Armstrong had only seconds of fuel left before the thrusters would cut out. If that had happened, the lander would have plummeted to the surface. That didnt happen, much to everyones relief. Armstrong and Aldrin exchanged congratulations before quickly preparing the lander to launch off the surface in case of an emergency. Humanitys Greatest Achievement On July 20, 1969, Armstrong made his way down the ladder from the Lunar Lander and, upon reaching the bottom declared Im going to step off the LEM now. As his left boot made contact with the surface he then spoke the words that defined a generation, Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. This grainy, black-and-white image taken on the Moon shows Neil Armstrong about to step off the Eagle lander and onto the surface of the Moon for the first time. NASA   About 15 minutes after exiting the module, Aldrin joined him on the surface and they began investigating the lunar surface. They planted the American flag, collected rock samples, took images and video, and transmitted their impressions back to Earth. The final task carried out by Armstrong was to leave behind a package of memorial items in remembrance of deceased Soviet cosmonauts  Yuri Gagarin  and Vladimir Komarov, and  Apollo 1  astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White and  Roger Chaffee. All told, Armstrong and Aldrin spent 2.5 hours on the lunar surface, paving the way for other Apollo missions. The astronauts then returned to Earth, splashing down in the Pacific Ocean on July 24, 1969. Armstrong was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest honor bestowed upon civilians, as well as a host of other medals from NASA and other countries. Life After Space Astronaut Neil Armstrong at the Legends of Aerospace event at the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum on March 14, 2010, in NYC. Neilson Barnard/Getty Images for Intrepid Sea, Air, and Space Museum.  Ã‚   After his Moon trip, Neil Armstrong completed a masters degree in aerospace engineering at the University of Southern California and worked  as an administrator with NASA and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). He next turned his attention to education and accepted a teaching position at the University of Cincinnati with the Department of Aerospace Engineering. He held this appointment until 1979. Armstrong also served on two investigation panels. The first was after the  Apollo 13  incident, while the second came after the  Challenger explosion. Armstrong lived much of his life after NASA life outside the public eye, and  worked in private industry and consulted for NASA until his retirement. He made occasional public appearances until shortly before his death on August 25, 2012. His ashes were buried at sea in the Atlantic Ocean the following month.  His words and deeds live on in the annals of space exploration, and he was widely admired by space explorers and space enthusiasts around the world. Sources Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. â€Å"Neil Armstrong.†Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 1 Aug. 2018, www.britannica.com/biography/Neil-Armstrong.Chaikin, Andrew.A Man on the Moon. Time-Life, 1999.Dunbar, Brian. â€Å"Biography of Neil Armstrong.†NASA, NASA, 10 Mar. 2015, www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/bios/neilabio.html.Wilford, John Noble. â€Å"Neil Armstrong, First Man on the Moon, Dies at 82.†The New York Times, The New York Times, 25 Aug. 2012, www.nytimes.com/2012/08/26/science/space/neil-armstrong-dies-first-man-on-moon.html. Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Consumer behaviour report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consumer behaviour report - Essay Example Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 List of Figures and Tables 4 Introduction 5 Problem Statement 5 Research Background 5 Research Limitations 7 Literature Review 8 Theory of Planned behaviour 8 Automobile Industry 8 Key Insights 11 Research Methodology 12 Research Design 12 Research Methods 12 Data Collection 12 Primary Research 13 Secondary Research 14 Findings and Analysis 15 Findings 15 Primary Research 15 Secondary Research 19 Proposed Marketing Strategies 21 Conclusion 25 Reference 26 Appendix 1 Questionnaire 28 List of Figures and Tables Figure 1 Theory of Planned Behaviour 8 Figure 2 Age 15 Figure 3 Gender 16 Figure 4 Source of Information 16 Figure 5 Factors influencing buying decision 17 Figure 6 Preference of Hybrid car 18 Figure 7 Reasons of hybrid car selection 18 Table 1 Secondary Desk Research 14 Introduction Problem Statement To understand the factors affecting consumer behaviour and consumer decision making process for the hybrid car products. Research Background A utomobile market is flooded with various choices of models to cater needs of consumers of different categories. There are many companies like Toyota, Ford, GM, Honda, Suzuki and others operating in the global market place and serving varying needs of consumers and markets. ... Ford is a well established brand name in the premium segment. The trend of manufacturing of environment friendly hybrid cars which reduces the level of pollution resulted from the traditional cars and engines have increased. Increasing awareness created demand for such environmental friendly products. Toyota has launched maximum number of successful variants in this category. At the same time other companies are following Toyota to gain from this growing segment by developing their own hybrid products. Lesser carbon di-oxide emission and higher environmental friendly nature increases the social acceptance of such cars. However there are technical limitations of these cars where researches are continued. The main hybrid variants available in the market place are the Toyota Prius, Honda Insight, and the Honda Civic Hybrids. Research Aims Research aim is to study consumer behaviour of the prospective automobile buyers for the hybrid cars in the Australian automobile sector. Research obj ectives: To understand the factors that affects the consumer decision making process To explore the marketing mix strategies adopted by the marketers in the marketing of different hybrid cars. Research Rationale This research helped in studying various aspects of the consumer behaviour for the hybrid car segment and developing a better strategic approach for the marketing of these products. Research Limitations Time, resource and location based restrictions are the primary set of limitations. Within the scope of study, researcher tried to fulfil the research aim and objectives. This study can be furthered for in-depth study on deep analysis of the focus of companies in hybrid car segment and capturing changing trends in